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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to learner-internal factors CLKs' understanding of the need to be pragmatic and the relationship advantages they were able to draw from were significant. For instance, RIs from TS and ZL both mentioned their relationships with their local professors as a significant factor in their decision to not criticize the strictness of a professor (see example 2). This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on the practical important topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests The test for discourse completion (DCT) is widely used in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has numerous advantages however, it also has its drawbacks. The DCT for instance, cannot account cultural and individual differences. Furthermore it is also the case that the DCT is prone to bias and could lead to overgeneralizations. As a result, it must be carefully analyzed before it is used for research or assessment purposes. Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful instrument to study the relationship between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate the social variables that are relevant to the manner of speaking in two or more steps could be a benefit. This ability can be used to study the role of prosody in different cultural contexts. In the field of linguistics, the DCT has become one of the most important tools to analyze learners' behaviors in communication. It can be used to study numerous issues, like politeness, turn-taking, and lexical choices. It can also be used to assess the phonological difficulty of learners' speech. Recent research has used a DCT as an instrument to test the refusal skills of EFL students. Participants were given a list of scenarios and were asked to choose the appropriate response from the options offered. The researchers found the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods like videos or questionnaires. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other methods for collecting data. DCTs can be designed using specific linguistic criteria, such as design and content. These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of test developers. They aren't always accurate, and they may misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually refuse requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires more research into different methods to assess refusal competence. In a recent study DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared with the responses from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs preferred more direct and traditionally indirect requests and utilized hints less than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study examined Chinese learners' pragmatic decisions regarding their use of Korean by using a range of tools that were tested, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs), metapragmatic questionnaires, and Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs at the upper intermediate level who answered DCTs, MQs, and RIs. They were also asked for reflections on their evaluations and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four main factors: their personalities, multilingual identities, their ongoing lives, and their relational advantages. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. First, the MQ data were examined to identify the participants' rational choices. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the choices made by the participants with their linguistic performance using DCTs to determine if they are indicative of pragmatic resistance. The interviewees were asked to justify their choice of pragmatic behavior in a particular scenario. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and z tests. It was discovered that the CLKs often resorted to euphemistic responses such as “sorry” and “thank you.” This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language which resulted in an inadequate understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preferences for converging to L1 or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms differed based on the DCT situations. For example, in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 they preferred converging to L1 norms. 프라그마틱 데모 revealed that CLKs knew about their practical resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed by two coders independent of each other, were then coded. The coders worked in an iterative manner by the coders, re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of coding were compared to the original RI transcripts, which provided an indication of how the RIs captured the underlying pragmatic behavior. Interviews for refusal The central question in pragmatic research is: why do some learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study attempted to answer this question by employing a range of experimental tools, including DCTs, MQs, and RIs. Participants included 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were required to complete the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were asked to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario. The results showed that CLKs on average, did not follow the norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they could create native-like patterns. They were also aware of their pragmatism. They attributed their choices to learner-internal aspects such as their identities, personalities, multilingual identities, and ongoing life histories. They also mentioned external factors, like relationship advantages. They outlined, for instance how their interactions with their professors helped them to perform more comfortably in terms of the linguistic and social expectations of their university. The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and penalties they might face if their local social norms were not followed. They were worried that their native friends might perceive them as “foreignersand believe that they are incompetent. This concern was similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are not the default preference of Korean learners. They may still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should consider reassessing the usefulness of these tests in various contexts and in particular situations. This will help them better understand the impact of different cultural contexts on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of students from L2. Furthermore it will assist educators to create more effective methods to teach and test the korea's pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risks consultancy. Case Studies The case study method is an investigational strategy that uses participant-centered, in-depth investigations to investigate a particular subject. This method utilizes various sources of data like interviews, observations, and documents, to support its findings. This kind of investigation can be used to study complicated or unique subjects that are difficult for other methods of measuring. In a case study the first step is to define both the subject and the objectives of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the subject are important for research and which are best left out. It is also helpful to review existing literature related to the subject to gain a broad knowledge of the subject and to place the case study in a broader theoretical context. This study was based on an open source platform such as the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the experiment showed that L2 Korean students were particularly susceptible to native models. They tended to choose wrong answer options which were literal interpretations. This was a departure from the correct pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to include their own words or “garbage” to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their responses. Furthermore, the participants of this case study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at the end of their second or third year of university and were hoping to achieve level 6 in their next attempt. They were asked to respond to questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness. Interviewees were presented with two scenarios involving an interaction with their co-workers and were asked to choose one of the strategies below to employ when making an offer. The interviewees were asked to justify their choice. The majority of the participants attributed their pragmatism to their personalities. For example, TS claimed that she was difficult to connect to, and so she was reluctant to inquire about her interactant's well-being with an intense workload despite the fact that she believed that native Koreans would ask.